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Introduction to Probability
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Probability theory began in seventeenth century France when the two great French
mathematicians, Blaise Pascal and Pierre de Fermat, corresponded over two prob-
lems from games of chance. Problems like those Pascal and Fermat solved continued
to influence such early researchers as Huygens, Bernoulli, and DeMoivre in estab-
lishing a mathematical theory of probability. Today, probability theory is a well-
established branch of mathematics that finds applications in every area of scholarly
activity from music to physics, and in daily experience from weather prediction to
predicting the risks of new medical treatments.