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Manual on Statistics of international trade in services
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The Manual on Statistics of International Trade in Services is an important first step in addressing a growing demand from Governments, business and analysts for more relevant, detailed and internationally comparable statistics on such trade. A special emphasis is given to the statistical information needs of international trade negotiations and agreements.
The aim of the Manual is to provide a coherent conceptual framework within which countries can structure the statistics they collect and disseminate on international services trade. It recommends a number of core and additional data items to be implemented over time, and in so doing recognizes the constraints under which statistical compilers operate and the need not to burden data providers unduly. In order to facilitate countries’ adoption of this framework, it builds on existing standards for compilation, in particular the fifth edition of the International Monetary Fund’s Balance of Payments Manual (BPM5) and the System of National Accounts, 1993 (1993 SNA).
Following the General Agreement on Trade in Services and to clarify how trade in services takes place, the Manual describes four modes through which services may be traded internationally. It does so by considering the location of both the supplier and consumer of the traded service. The first of these modes, mode 1 or cross-border supply, applies when suppliers of services in one country supply services to consumers in another country without either supplier or consumer moving into the territory of the other. Mode 2, consumption abroad, describes the process by which a consumer resident in one country moves to another country to obtain a service. Further, enterprises in an economy may supply services internationally through the activities of their foreign affiliates abroad. This mode of supply, mode 3, is called commercial presence. The last of these modes of supply, mode 4 or presence of natural persons describes the process by which an individual moves to the country of the consumer in order to provide a service, whether on his or her own behalf or on behalf of his or her employer.
European Commission - Personal Name
1-58906-128-4
NONE
Statistic for Business
English
2002
1-190
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