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Banking and Bookkeeping
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Banking systems include the back-end bookkeeping systems that record customers’
account details and transaction processing systems such as cash machine networks and
high-value interbank money transfer systems that feed them with data. They are important
for a number of reasons.
First, bookkeeping was for many years the main business of the computer industry,
and banking was its most intensive area of application. Personal applications such as
Netscape and Powerpoint might now run on more machines, but accounting is still the
critical application for the average business. So the protection of bookkeeping systems
is of great practical importance. It also gives us a well-understood model of protection
in which confidentiality plays almost no role, but where the integrity of records (and
their immutability once made) is of paramount importance