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TECHNOLOGY OF COMBUSTION
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This chapter is intended as introductorytext in the fundamentals of combustion for engineering graduate students, as well as a basis for the next four chapters. Combustion is defined as a rapid exothermic reaction that liberates substantial energy as heat and flames as combustion reactions with the ability to propagate through a suitable medium. This propagation results from the strong coupling of the reaction with the molecular transport process. The chemistry and physics of combustion, i.e. destruction and re- arrangement of certain molecules, rapidly release energy within a few millionths of second. Currently, combustion is a mature discipline and an integral element of diverse research and development programs from fundamental studies of the physics of flames and high-temperature molecular chemistry to applied engineeringprojects involved with developments such as advanced coal-burning equipment and improved combustion furnaces, boilers, and engines. These developments are important in controlling the pollutant emissions. Therefore, it is appropriate in this chapter to present two very important practical considerations relative to the combustion reaction systems, which are the mass and energy balance used to describe such systems.
The chapter starts with the energy sources including the energy characteristics of various important fuels resources and their physical and chemical properties. This is followed by introducing some definitions of ideal gases, mass conservation and basic thermodynamic principles, as well as,general energy balance for a chemically reactive medium. Description of the practical stoichiometry and thermochemical requirements, which apply during combustion processes such as chemical reaction, equilibrium composition and temperature, are also presented.
Actually, combustion is a result of dynamic, or time-dependent, events that occur on a molecular level among atoms, molecules, radicals and solid boundaries. Therefore, this chapter presents chemical kinetics that include kinetic theory of gases, elementary reactions and reaction rate theory. Furthermore, the rapid reactions produce gradients that transport processes convert into heat and species fluxes that speed-up the reactions. Therefore, further discussions including the primary transport properties and processes are presented with brief discussions on combustion chemistry and modeling.
SAAD EL-DIN HABIK - Personal Name
1st Edtion
0-08-044089-4
NONE
TECHNOLOGY OF COMBUSTION
Information Technology
English
Elsevier Inc
2002
United Kingdom
1-870
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